China has launched a national carbon emissions trading system for the first time, with trading set to begin imminently. Multinationals can expect to be significantly affected by the compliance requirements laid out by the new market, while also standing to profit from the new investment opportunities it presents. Nancy Sun and Andrew Westgate discuss what carbon trading is, how it works, how China's emissions trading scheme (ETS) compares with other ETSs around the world, and what the opportunities and challenges are for MNCs in China.